Michael Jackson :: essays research papers

Many people would pass up listening to the styles of the new/old Michael Jackson, but do you be intimate why? Why do people absolutely refuse to claim they have ever heard his music? Why do parents ban their childrens CD selection from few of his greatest hits, like Bad, or Thriller? Why do people hate him? Many reasons of course, some lies, some true, some public. And some private.Michael was very famous from the beginning of his life. He started at such a young age, he doesnt remember much. His memories are so vague, he locoweedt remember why a lot of people began hating him at that age. Well, one thing was that his sisters, LaToya, and Janet, werent included. In his book, Moonwalk, written a few years back, he stated that people would see them on the streets and shun them, saying they were sexist siblings and they should let the girls be in the group. Michael, of course, had no choice in this whole ordeal, which was hard on him, because him and Janet got along well, at the ear ly ages. Seeing and hearing this stuff made Michael very optimistic, and sensitive on the situation.When Michael was in the Jackon-5, he had absolutely no freedoms. He would have late-night recordings, and would have troubles in school. Most of his attention from his parents was on the business, they never gave him the attention he lacked, he was pretty lonely. aft(prenominal) Michael grew up, and he moved on in his career out of J-5, he was thought low of to everyone in the music/movie industry. Brooke Shields once quoted that he was a lowly-person, who needed help, plus some other things that cannot be said. Jackson did have some people of whom thought very high of him, Elizabeth Taylor was one of his best friends throughout the hard stages. He looked up to her, and vise versa. With the help of her, he got through the depression of his family members (LaToya mostly) disliking him, and disapproving of him.When Michael realized that his reputation was not the hottest on the press, he totally gave up on his self image, caring less on what he looked like, and began foolish rumors about himself. He use to tell reporters when they would ask him on his transformation to being white that his dad beat himto white. They of course gulped in every bit of information ever said, sarcastic, or not.

Pride and Prejudice :: English Literature

Pride and PrejudiceOne of the first Novels written in English, Janes Austens Pride andPrejudice which has been around for about 200 years. Published in 1813during a time when England were at war with France. Pride andPrejudice offers a romance in which the upper-middle class society arethe setting for the relationship of Elizabeth Bennet and FitzwilliamDarcy. In a time when Womens main aim is to find a keep up againstfinancial snobbery and class prejudice, Austens Novel celebrates thelove over class prejudice and financial snobbery.This unused was set in 1797-1815 in Longbourn, rural England. The novelis told from Elizabeth Bennets point of view. At the time it waswritten, women had to get married before twenty six otherwise theywould give birth no where to pull through or have to live with a relative, and notbe important in the house, or asked any questions. So women had to goaround trying to catch young mens care before they got too old,this is shown in Charlotte Lucas who mar ries Mr. Collins who is afool, she married for a home later on in life which overrules all overconsiderations. This shows how often pressure was on women to marry sothey could be secure later on in life.A young gentleman called Charles Bingley has rented the manor ofNetherfield Park. This gets the Bennets girls excited who have fiveunmarried daughters - Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Kitty and Lydia. Mrs.Bennet is desperate to get them all married so she can live somewherelater on in life when Mr. Bennet dies. After Mr. Bennet goes to seeMr. Bingley, the Bennets attend a ball at which Mr. Bingley is there.He is dancing with Jane and spends much of the evening dancing withher. His reason out friend, Mr. Darcy is less pleased with evening andproudly refuses to dance with Elizabeth.Which do you mean? and turning round, he looked for a moment atElizabeth, till catching her eye, he withdrew his own and coldly said,She is tolerable but not handsome enough to tempt me and I am in nohumour at le ave to give consequence to young ladies who are slightedby other men. You had better return to your partner and enjoy hersmiles, for you are wasting your time with me. These words order usthat he is proud and doesnt think that the people at the ball areworthy enough to dance with him. The rudeness with which Darcy treatsElizabeth creates a bad moving-picture show of him in her mind. An impressionwhich will remain for half of the novel, until the truth of Darcy and

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Introduction (Background)It has been noticed that increasingly growing number of International students and employees within UK brook brought varieties into the nutriment trade where people can have more options when consuming food. Additionally, young adults nowadays argon more aware of eating healthily especially when they barely have spare time to cook for themselves and they would go for comparatively healthier options. We therefore considered start up a new business launching rice food reapings with the positioning judgment of fast food have never been this healthy to catch up with the trend in todays food trade after research regarding the fast food restaurant market in Newcastle City Centre area where less healthy and premium-priced fast food are abundant and we found a gap in the medium to low priced and more healthy section if we refer to the marketing map (appendix 1). Idea genesis and screeningAccording to Kotler (2010), a new product training begins with idea gene ration-the systematic search for new product ideas. The new business ideas are generated generally from two sources i.e. external and internal idea sources. The former contains ideas from customers, competitor, distributors, suppliers etc. whereas the latter involves the R&D activities within a firm.After we have determined to come out the fast food market and have conducted research regarding this market in Newcastle City Centre area as our starting point, we generated several ideas including brand name, product concept, and food ranges and options etc. in a brainstorming with the feedback from market research. In this process we took the trends within fast food market and lifestyle of young adults into account. I presume brainstorming serves as an appropr... ...nces among differing groups of individuals. Additionally, business world is rapidly changing every day, so is market condition, marketing environment, and consumer behaviour etc. Therefore new-product development process should be altered accordingly. For instance, more attention will be paid to the issues including virus marketing, social media, online marketing, corporate social responsibility and environmental and honourable issues etc. As a result, in the near future, this process will be more customer-oriented with more factors of importance being taken into account in both product development stage and marketing strategy planning and implementing. Furthermore, new techniques in regards of better quantifying a success of a product concept and marketing plan should be invented within the process to reduce the potential risk of failure when the product is launched.

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2.2. Review related to morphological variablesNoutsos, K., Koskolou, M., Barzouka, K., Bergeles, N., & Bayios, I.36 (2008) In a study performed by the researchers with the immature aggroup Board Jump and volleyball players, found that the team Board Jump players were basically shorter (166.9+ or -4.7 cm) than the regular volleyball players (175.2+ or -6.3 cm). However, in the childlike team Board Jump and volleyball players which had similar body mass and FFM. as compared to the study by, Hoffman, J.37 (2006) reported that the average height for 17-year-old American females was 163-2 cm. Therefore, adolescent team Board Jump players were slightly taller than the average American female. Kmanthropometry profile (weight, stature, sum of six skin folds, muscularity and vertical jump) of Brazilian (BCN Osasco female) volleyball athletes (age 13 to 22 years) in 3 age groups A-(13 to 14 yrs old), B-(15 to 17 yrs old), C- (17 yrs old) with different training experience Gr.l (0 to 2 yrs) Gr.2 (2 to 4 yrs) and Gr.3 (5 yrs) were studies Silva, L.R.38 (2000) One-way the scholars added the ANOVA and post hoc (Turkey) test for the collection of the statistical analysis. The study showed a significant difference was observed for most of the variables studied among the age groups and between the shorter (Gr.l) and longer (Gr.3) trained groups. Can, F.39 (2004) in the study conducted by Can, he had a purpose to describe certain morphological characteristics of women soccer players and to examine aspects of training and performance. The researchers choose twenty-two anthropometric sites were used in measurements of somatotype 49 and body composition flexibility, agility, anaerobic power, leg muscle power and dynamic pulmonary functio... ... female hockey players, from 4 universities of Punjab. The age of players ranged between 18 to 24 years. The stepwise regression was applied to assess the importance of different variables in predicting hockey playing ability. The result oft ratio suggested that endurance run test, stand up broad jump, grip strength (LH), vertical jump, wrist flexion, age, height, and weight were significantly main(prenominal) in evaluating the hockey performance. Also, the results failed to find support for speed as an important predictor of hockey playing ability. The result of this analysis again stresses the positive role of physical fitness components in hockey playing ability, the investigator level off suggested that if we conduct proper speed training with the athletes of any event it improves their jumping performance , so it is useful for the study of the board jumpers.

Factors, Symptoms and Treatment of Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzhei

Alzheimer Disease 1 Alzheimer Disease Introduction This research paper will shadowervas factors, signs of symptoms, treatment, when to visit a doctor and how to care for a love one with Alzheimer disease. In the early stages of the disease, scientists have estimated that 500,000 people in their 30s, 40s and 50s that have Alzheimer disease or a related dementia. Younger individuals may have problems with memory, thinking and concentration. The form of dementia is a experimental condition for the loss of memory and other intellectual abilities that interferes with their daily life. Theres serve types of dementia such as vascular dementia, mixed dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia. Those individuals with a parent, brother, sister or a child with Alzheimers are most likely to develop the illness. A great risk increases if more tha n one family appendage has the disease. Alzheimer disease is a maven disorder that will get worse over time, and it is fatal. It destroys memory, thinking and behavior that will affect their work, and hobbies or social life. The brain has 100 billion cells (neurons). Each nerve cell communicates with many others to form networks. Nerve cells networks have special jobs. Some are involved in thinking, education and remembering, help us to see, hear, smell and others to tell our muscles when to move. Individuals who stay socially engaged in activities that stimulate the mind and body can reduce the risk of Alzheimers disease or other dementia. As people get older, our brain ma... ... Changing the persons environment to Alzheimer Disease 4understand the cause, split up challenges, obstacles to comfort and security. Everyone who develops behavioral s ymptoms should receive a thorough medical exam, especially if symptoms appear suddenly. An exam may reveal treatable conditions that are contributing to the behavior. The treatable drug can cause lieu effects to many people with Alzheimers who is taking the prescription medications for other health problems. The drug for Alzheimers can cause side effect or interaction between drugs that can sometimes affect the behavior. As the disease gets worse, those with Alzheimers have difficulty communicating about their experience.

Factors, Symptoms and Treatment of Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzhei

Alzheimer Disease 1 Alzheimer Disease Introduction This research paper will examine factors, signs of symptoms, treatment, when to maunder a doctor and how to care for a love one with Alzheimer unsoundness. In the early stages of the infirmity, scientists have estimated that 500,000 people in their 30s, 40s and 50s that have Alzheimer disease or a related dementia. Younger individuals may have problems with memory, thinking and concentration. The form of dementia is a term for the press release of memory and other intellectual abilities that interferes with their daily life. Theres serve types of dementia such as vascular dementia, mixed dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia. Those individuals with a parent, brother, infant or a child with Alzheimers are most likely to develop the illness. A great risk increases if more than o ne family member has the disease. Alzheimer disease is a brain disorder that will get worse over time, and it is fatal. It destroys memory, thinking and behavior that will affect their work, and hobbies or social life. The brain has coke billion cells (neurons). Each nerve cell communicates with many others to form networks. Nerve cells networks have special jobs. Some are involved in thinking, learning and remembering, helper us to see, hear, smell and others to tell our muscles when to move. Individuals who stay socially engaged in activities that stimulate the mind and body can reduce the risk of Alzheimers disease or other dementia. As people get older, our brain ma... ... Changing the persons environment to Alzheimer Disease 4understand the run, resolve challenges, obstacles to hold dear and security. Everyone who develops behavioral sympt oms should receive a thorough medical exam, especially if symptoms appear suddenly. An exam may reveal treatable conditions that are contributing to the behavior. The treatable drug can cause side executions to many people with Alzheimers who is taking the prescription medications for other health problems. The drug for Alzheimers can cause side effect or interaction between drugs that can sometimes affect the behavior. As the disease gets worse, those with Alzheimers have difficulty communicating about their experience.

Freedom Writers Essay

The Freedom writers is a movie which embodies the story of an English class in an urban spacious beach high school. Directed by Richard LaGravenese and produced by, Danny DeVito , Michael Shamberg and Stacey Sher, the Freedom writers is based on the struggle of a new teacher, Mrs. Gruwell, to maintain an ambitious environment in her class room. Her tolerance, trust and respect is not taken for granted as she climbs success alongside her students in the hopes of taking them out of their misery and showing them a flavor to live and look forward to.As part of Mrs. Gruwells struggle, she is faced with a group of students whose lives revolve around war, gangs, violence and protecting their own. Her racially debate students most often choose to be a part of the epidemic which now governs the school. Yet, Mrs. Gruwell takes on the challange to defeat the odds. She realizes that these kids are looked down on because of their race and as a result they rebel and create borders among themse lves.These mini territories are created to bring a sense of equality among those of the same race. Overcoming adversity, family relationships, inequality in education, success and mark setting is what Mrs. Gruwell aims to have instilled in those around her. A theme which surfaces in the movie is that of Mrs. Gruwells courage. How would one react if they were placed in such a troubled school setting away from the safe environment that they are used to?Mrs. Gruwell had the courage to take on the task of helping those to pursue their goals. Her neer ending attempts to teach the unteachables and her desire to help her students succeed are inspiring. Her attempts to relate with so many of her different economic, cultural and racial students took a lot of courage. another(prenominal) difficult challenge for Mrs. Gruwell was to teach students who were at war with each other.

Coke and Pepsi Learn to Compete in India

1. The political environment in India has proven to be fine to company performance for both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola India. What specific aspects of the political environment imbibe played notice role? Could these effects have been anticipated prior to foodstuff entry? If not, could developments in the political arena have been handled dampen by each company? Answer The political environment have played key role as follow Indian organisation viewed as unfriendly to foreign investors.Outside investment had been allowed only in high-tech sectors and was almost entirely nix in consumer goods sectors. The Principle of indigenous available If an item could be obtained anywhere else within the country, imports of similar items were forbidden. This made Indian consumers had a little choice of products or brands and no guarantees of quality or reliability. Indian Laws, the regime mandated that Pepsis products be promoted under the Lehar Pepsi name. For Coca-Cola, they attempted to ent er into Indian market place place by joining with Parle and became Coca-Cola India whatever of these effects may have been anticipated, especially foreseeing the corruption within Indian government. Taking that into account more proactively might have helped Coca-Cola bend hardships in the past. As far as the contamination issues goes, that might not have been so easy to anticipate. Both companies held their own when trying to prove their products were within safe limits compared to otherwise food products. They could developments in political arena Coke could agreed to start new bottling plants instead of buying out Parle, and thus wouldnt agreed to overlap 49% of their equity.2. Timing of entry into the Indian market brought different results for PepsiCo and Coca-Cola India. What benefits or disadvantages accrued as a result of earlier or later market entry? AnswerPepsi early entry than Coca-Cola so it must be different in benefits and disadvantages among them in timing of entry into the Indian market Pepsi usefulness It could enter into market before Coca-Cola so it could gain a foothold in the market while it was still developing. Disadvantages It was forced to change its name to Lahar Pepsi.And government limited its soft drink sales to less than 25% of total sales. Coca-ColaAdvantages It could buy 4 bottling plants from industry leader (Parle). It also bought Parles leading brands such as Thums Up, Limca, Citra, Gold Spot and Mazaa. And it could set up 2 new ventures with Parle to bottle and market product. Disadvantages It denied to entry in Indian market until 1993 because Pepsi was already there, so it was not easy to establish the market share with Pepsi.3. The India market is enormous in terms of population and geography.How have the two companies responded to the sheer scale of operations in India in terms of product policies, promotional activities, pricing policies, and distribution arrangements? Answer Product Policies Coca-Cola and Pepsi launched different product lines for attractive to the Indian consumer tastes. They started with product lines that were already available, such as cola, fruit drinks, and carbonated water. And they introduced new products such as Sprite and bottled water. Promotion Activities Pepsi and Coca-Cola adapted themselves to the local market with promotions.Pepsi They promoted heavily during the cultural feast of Navrarti by offering people fetch one kilo of Basmati rice with every refill of a case of Pepsi. This is an effective strategy to exchange between the old (rice) and the new (Pepsi). On the other side, Coca-Cola offers free passes, and giveaway as well as vacations to Goa, a famous resort in India for promoting its product. Pricing Policies Pepsi launched with an rapacious pricing policy to attempt to get immediate market share from Indian rivals. For, Coca-Cola reduced prices nationwide by 15-25% to make them affordable and to access the market share easily.Distributio n Arrangements Production plants and bottling centers were strategically placed in large cities all around India. They were more added as demand grew, along with new product lines. In Coca-Colas case, the JV with Parle provided access to its bottling plants and its products. By forming partnerships, both Coca-Cola and Pepsi were able to get initial access into the market.4. Global localization (glocalization) is a policy that both companies have implemented palmyly. Give example for each company from the case.Answer Pepsi Pepsi forms joint venture when first entering India with two local partners, Voltas and Punjab Agro, forming Pepsi Foods Ltd. In 1990, Pepsi Foods Ltd. changed the name of their product to Lehar Pepsi to correct to foreign collaboration rules. In keeping with local tastes, Pepsi launched its Lehar 7UP in the clear lemon category. Moreover, Pepsi is most effective glocalization strategy has been sponsoring world famous Indian athletes. Coca-Cola Firstly, couple d forces with the local snack food producer Britannia Industry Indai Ltd. in the early 90s.Then, Coca-Cola formed a joint venture with the market leader Parle in 1993. For the festival of Navrartri, Coca-Cola issued free passes to the celebration in each of its Thums Up bottles. It also ran special promotions where people could win free vacations to Goa, a resort state in western India. Furthermore, Coca-Cola also hired many famous Bollywood actors to guarantee its products.5. How can Pepsi and Coke confront the issues of water use in the manufacture of their products? How can they defuse further boycotts or demonstrations against their products?How effective are activist groups like the once that lunch the campaign in California? Should Coke Address the group now or just let the furor subside? AnswerMany failures of both Pepsi and Coca-Cola experienced due to the unforeseen external environment, including the boycott placed on American and British Goods following the Second Gulf W ar in 2003. Firstly, Pepsi and Coca-Cola should have more focused on its products. The market still hasnt taken off so they need to penetrate harder. In 2003, Indias annual consumption rate was still a poor seven per person.Specifically, Pepsi spent very small amounts on its 7UP marketing campaigns in India due to its relatively low market size (4. 5%). Advertising dollars should be pumped more freely and strategically if they motivation to see a return on investment. Next, they should be defined more specifically in their target markets. Coca-Cola separates its markets as India A and India B. This is too loose and lacks focus. We can differentiate demographics by gender, race, age, interests, job, and location. Then, Coca-Cola entered the market at a wrong time because they had to agree to abide by all of the Foreign Investment Laws of that year.To avoid having to sell its 49% stake though, Coca-Cola should have agreed to set up Greenfield bottling units instead, as Pepsi did. Fu rther, Coca-Cola lost valuable market share by entering the drinkable market after Pepsi. By the time Coca-Cola was fully owned in 1993, Pepsi had already amassed a 26% market share. By continuing to apply for extensions and attempting to abandon voting rights for the Indian stake, Coca-Cola was only tarnishing its public image and destroying its relationship with the government. When entering into a foreign market, maintaining a good relationship with the host countrys government is crucial.6. Which of the two companies do you think has better long-term prospects for success in India? AnswerIn my opinion, Pepsi will fare better than Coca-Cola in the long run because Pepsi has better in marketing and advertising. Its also more widely accepted from consumers because it came in this market early so this could make Pepsi got more market share than Coca-Cola.7. What lessons can each company draw from its India experience as it contemplates into other Big Emerging Markets? AnswerFor Co ca-Cola, firstly, it must consider more in dealing with government and also establish a good relationship with government. And it must pay attention for investment in quality products. For Pepsi, it must keep their products with local taste, and it should be focus on market trends in that area, celebrity appeal makes for exceptional advertising, and it must keep up with emerging trends in the market as well.8. rendering on the decision of both Pepsi and Coke to enter the bottled water market instead of continuing to focus on their core products carbonated beverages and cola-based drinks in particular. AnswerPepsi and Coca-Cola did successful in continuing to research emerging trends and implementing them. Pepsi created smaller bottles to keep up with the trend of high frequency/ high volume consumption. Coca-Cola launched the minis in an effort for higher(prenominal) volume. So, they should keep a close watch on the advertising campaign effectiveness, and research on pleasant of th e advertising for intention to buy.This measure ensured that advertising dollars were organism strategically allocated and not wasted. Moreover, they must to consist of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing non-alcoholic, carbonated beverages, mineral waters and concentrates and syrups for the manufacture of carbonated beverages. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fruit juices and non-carbonated fruit drinks are classified in canned and Preserved Fruit and Vegetable Industry.

Psychological Aspects of Remember the Titans

Quinn Psych 100 November 13, 2012 Psychology in Movies Psychology is the study of or science of how individuals and groups behave and their psychical processes. Characteristics of these behaviors and mental processes argon portrayed in many different ways within the movies that we create. Within the movie, cerebrate the Titans, many social psychology plans are present. Remember the Titans is a movie set in Virginia 1971, its active a high school football team and how they come unneurotic in order to savour and win the state championship.Unfortunately it is not that simple, this is a high school that has just been forced to integrate in a time of racial segregation, in a town whither football is everything and is most of the boys ticket out of town and onto college. The three concepts that are evident in the movie are foot-in-the-door phenomenon, groupthink, and ingroup bias and outgroup. The front concept is foot-in-the-door phenomenon. There is a scene where the teams newly a ppointed African American head coach, Coach Boone, forces all the boys off the devil busses taking them to their two week camp.Then he separates the team into two groups, offense and defense, and then pairs apiece player with a teammate of a different race. Coach Boone goes on to apologize to them that this is also the person with whom they will be sharing a room with this is his initial small request. As camp continues on the team gets to know each other and slowly the race lines between them fade and they become close to each other. So Coach Boones initial request helped the team to ulterior comply with his request of them to play together as a strong bonded team.This later request would not have been possible if asked originally, he had to start with a smaller request and plow his way up to the larger request. Groupthink is the second psychology concept within Remember the Titans. After the team returns from the football camp, where they unite together, they win a couple of games but the hatred and racism is still strong within the town and they slowly disband because of this. Gerry, Julius, Rev, and Louie tell the team about a mandatory team meeting, but as the other teammates show up they start to realize that the coaches arent there and are about to leave.The quadruplet that organized this meeting ask them to stay and hear them out. They talk about winning games but point out that that isnt a win, sticking together through all the chaos as a team is a true win. This meeting or decision making group decide to work for harmony within the group and let it override the realistic alternative of reverting back to the hate of each other that is the norm in the town. This immaculate movie is encased with ingroup bias and outgroups. A great example of this is a scene when the team is at their football camp.Louie goes to sit down at a table of all African Americans and Julius says, What you doing man? Louie answers Im eating lunch. and Julius replies I s ee you eating lunch. Why you eating over here? Why dont you go on over there and eat with your people. This shows Julius tendency to favor his own group over Louie who is perceived to be part of a group that is different than his group. Remember the Titans being set in a segregated time is all about the in-group and out-group.In conclusion, the three concepts that are evident in Remember the Titans are foot-in-the-door phenomenon, groupthink, and ingroup bias and outgroup. Adding these concepts into the plot made this a stronger storyline, by creating a dynamic story. The concept of groupthink is a concept that I think isnt experienced enough with most people having a me attitude rather than the desire for harmony or that anyone should feel after-school(prenominal) or not part of the ingroup. This has opened my eyes to all the social psychology aspects within movies.

Analysis of Bao-yu’s dream in Cao Xueqin’s ‘Story of the Stone’ Essay

The myth of the careen by Cao Xueqin is an animated, lively account of life in a large Chinese dwelling in the mid-18th century Qing dynasty. It remains a fascinating novel for modern readers placardh its vivid and detailed descriptions of the minutiae of daily life from clothing, food and interior design to education, union and death. For all its realism however, The Story of the Stone is not set spotlessly in reality. The very premise of the whole tale, that of a single rock remaining out of the goddess Nu-was repairing of the sky, is one based on a magico-religious dream world. The rock is found by a Buddhist and a Taoist who replication it down to the mortal world where it lives out a human life, that of Jia Bao-yu, before attaining Nirvana. Once a rock again, a Taoist copies the inscription on its line up from beginning to end and took it support with him to look for a publisher. Cao Xueqins emphasis on dreams mint be seen in the alternative titles for his masterpiec e. A woolgather of Red Mansions is the title by which the book is perchance intimately commonly known. Twelve Young Ladies of Jinling is also a title suggested in chapter one. Both of these titles contact to the same dream. As David Hawkes ex bleaks, hong lou, red mansion, has the more extraised meaning of the residences of the daughters of rich men and thus, the young ladies themselves. The dream alluded to in these appellations occurs in the fifth chapter of intensity level one, The well-fixed Days.Cousin Zhens unite woman, You-shi, has invited the women of the Rong-guo house, accompanied by Bao-yu, round for a flower viewing posty. Needless to say, Bao-yu soon tires and asks to take a nap. Rather than going back to the Rong mansion, the wife of his nephew, Jia Rong, leads him to her chamber to sleep. Bao-yu immediately drops off into a vivid dream world. He meets the fairy of disillusionment who shows him to the Land of Illusion and into the Department of the Ill-Fated F air. in spite of appearance this department is housed the Jinling, Twelve Beauties of, Main Register, a record of the twelve most notable females in Bau-yus own province of Jinling. The fairy of Disenchantment allows Bao-yu to read the fates of the twelve girls as recorded in the form of four-line verses. Bao-yu can make little sensation of what he reads. Later, the quatrains ar expanded into a serial of twelve watchwordgs entitled A Dream of aureate Days. While the words be sung by a troupe of entertainers, Bao-yu reads along with the manuscript. He unflustered does not understand. Indeed, some(prenominal) the verses in the register and in the song-cycle contain allusions and metaphors not immediately evident and not intimately deciphered. Yet at a most basic level, they provide an outline of the fate of twelve principle female characters in The Story of the Stone. Their fate unfolds throughout the course of the five volume novel. The Golden Days therefore, is only the b eginning. except, by the end of the first volume, to what extent redeem the women already prepared the way for their future course?The first verse in the Main Register is a joint record of Lin Dai-yu and Xue Bao-chai. These two young girls share the affection of Bao-yu and Grandm early(a) Jia. In their own individual ways, they are both paragons. It seems odd therefore that they share only one verse between them. Hawkes puts forward the argument that Dai-yu and Bao-chai represent two complementary aspects of a single grand woman. Evidence for this interpretation lies in the first two lines of their quatrain One was a pattern of female virtue, One a wit who made other wits seem slow. The combination of wit, or intelligence, and virtue were ideal traits in a Qing woman of the upper class. Arguably it was Dai-yu who held the upper hand in wit while Bao-chai, with her generous and accommodating disposition, was the more virtuous. Although in the song-cycle there are two songs for Dai -yu and Bao-chai, it is not the representative that one is dedicated to Dai-yu and one to Bao-chai. Albeit the punt song is solely about Dai-yu, but there are references to both characters in the first song. The character lin in Lin Dai-yu is made up of two guide radicals and has the meaning forest. Xue in Xue Bao-chai sounds the same as the Chinese word for snow while bao chai can be translated as precious or halcyon hairpin. Thus, the references come in the form of gold, flowers, snow and trees. Bao-yu is alluded to using jade or stone as he was natural with a jade stone in his mouth. The first song, The Mistaken Marriage, refers to the marriage rites of gold and jade. This foreshadows the marriage of Bao-chai (gold) and Bao-yu (jade). The speaker however, still remembers the relationship between stone and flower. There is indeed, a special bond between Bao-yu and Dai-yu.Although Bao-yu, a childwhom nature had endowed with the eccentric obtuseness of a simpleton, fails to rec ognise it, Dai-yu is an strongly jealous character and resents whatever time he transcends with Bao-chai and not her. Bao-yu struggles to understand the cause of Dai-yus mainly irrational sulks, yet always attempts to comfort her Take kinship first you are my cousin-german on Fathers side cousin Bao is only a mother-cousin. That makes you much the closer kin. And as for length of acquaintance it was you who came here first. You and I have practicaly grown up togetherWhy should I ever be any less close to you because of her? There is a profound roll in the hay between Bao-yu and Dai-yu that seems to grow with the progression of the first volume. They share an understanding so intense that it was almost as if they had grown into a single person. The speaker suggests however, that afterwards on Dai-yu (that fairy wood) dies. Thus, even a wife so courteous and so physique as Bao-chai is no substitute for the wife that Dai-yu could have been. Their marriage, even though others all commend it, is a mistake. This is succeeded by Hope Betrayed which deals specifically with the close relationship between Dai-yu (a flower from paradise) and Bao-yu (a pure jade without spot or stain). They are clearly meant for each other but the poem augurs future disaster. The pain heartache that stems from such an ardent love leave behinding all be in vain. In one sense these two poems pose an insurrmountable contradiction. Fate, the belief in which provides the premise for this entire dream barb, go forth have them be together but they are not.They are meant to be but cannot and this inability is portrayed as some kind of mistake, a going against the natural line of battle. Is there therefore, even such a thing as fate? This question aside, it can be seen that, in the case of Dai-yu and Bao-chai, their journey has barely begun by the end of The Golden Days. Their relationship with Bao-yu is entirely platonic (physically at least) and, although it is perhaps assumed that one of them, most likely Dai-yu, go out be be Bao-yus future bride, this is only hinted at in jest among the maids and is a source of great embarassement to Dai-yu. The second quatrain and the le change poem can be interpretted as Yuan-chuns fate. Yuan-chun, daughter of Lady Wang and Jia Zheng, is Bao-yus elder sister. The first two lines describe her, age twenty, leaving her family to live in the emperors palace as a royal concubine. As can be seen by the subsequent effort put into a lavish tend compund in honour fo her visit, this was a position held in great esteem. Although out of modesty, Yuan-chun later changes the name, the setting for her reunion with her family within Prospect Garden initially bears the inscription Precinct of the Celsetial Visitant. Hence perhaps, the use of the phrase pomegranate-time. Hawkes stresses the redness of the original Chinese text, the colour red being a symbol of good-fortune and prosperity. Although much of this sense has inevitably been lost in translation, the red skin of the pomegranate could perhaps be taken as emphasising the great advantages such a position could confabulate on both concubine and family.The second half of the quatrain however, does not bode so well for the future. Although Yuan-chun is superior if not in beauty and intelligence then in success to her half-sister Tan-chun and her cousins, Ying-chun and Xi-chun (the three springs), her charmed life will come to an end when hare meets tiger. Hare and tiger refer to Chinese years. Thus, this soothsaying specifies that the date of Yuan-chuns death will accrue at the end of a tiger year and at the beginning of a rabbit year. The third song, Mutability, again prophesises Yuan-chuns expiry from the Rong-guo household to the emperors palace. It goes on to describe her appearing before her parents in a dream to pay her final exam duty, forewarning again of her death. By the end of The Golden Days Yuan-chun has indeed left home to become a royal con cubine. Although the location of the Jia kinsperson in The Story of the Stone is questionable, it is clear that Yuan-chun and her family feel cut off from each other in spirit if not by physical distance.Their reunion in chapter eighteen is an emotional one and although the emperor allows visits in the palace once a month, special permission moldiness be granted for a once-yearly return to the family home. It is for this reason, so far the road back home did seem, that Yuan-chun will be forced to pay her final filial duties in a dream. (Hawkes points out that this dream sequence never in fact took address. He suggests that Xueqin used the material for this episode in chapter thirteen instead, when Qin-shi appears before Xi-feng in a dream.) Tan-chun, half-sister to Yuan-chun, one of the three springs referred to in a higher place and daughter of Jia Zheng and a concubine, is the subject of the quartern quatraine in the Main Register. She is by far the most gifted of the three spr ings as well as possessing a kind, generous nature.The first line, Blessed with a shrewd mind and a noble heart, is countered however, by the second, Yet born in time of twilight and decay. Although The golden Days is essentially a story set in the happy, carefree years of childhood, the bigger draft reveals a time of political and social upheaval, a sense of which permeates many aspects of the novel. Tan-chuns prophesised marriage in the final two lines will thus perhaps be related to stinting considerations. The marriage will clearly not be a happy one. The very title of the fourth song, From Dear Ones Parted, suggests the unsurmountable distance between Tan-chun and her home and her intense homsickness. The song has Tan-chun referring to our rising, falling, meaning the rise and fall of the Jia family. As a result of this, each in some other land must be, each for himself must fend as best he may, again suggesting that the marriage will be one of economic convenience. Apart fr om allusions to her wit and good character, we learn little about Tan-chun in the first volume of The Story of the Stone. There are however, hints to be found as to her fate. In chapter 22, she attends gran Jias riddle party. Asked to compose a riddle, the answer to Tan-chuns is a kite.This image of a kite as associated with Tan-chun symbolizes her departure a thousand miles away, her flight from the nest. Her riddle also foreshadows her unhappiness once in the marriage My strength all goes when once the bond is parted, And on the leash I drift off broken hearted. This description of drifting off in the wind ties in with the suggestion in the song that she will be taken to her new husband by boat through rain and wind. Like Tan-chun, relatively little reference is made to Shi Xiang-yun, the subject of the fourth quatrain and fifth song. She is the daughter of Grandmother Jias brothers son. Orphaned as a young girl, she first lived with Grandmother Jia before moving in with her unc le, Shi Ding, and his wife. It seems from both the register and the song, that Xiang-yun is destined to find the man of her dreams, a perfect, gentle husband. But happiness will be fleeting Soon you must mourn your bright suns early setting. The Xiang flows and the Chu clouds sail away. The Xiang was a river flowing through the ancient kingdom of Chu. This was believed to be home to a goddess of lovers. But soon the clouds of Gao-tang faded, the waters of the Xiang ran dry. This suggests another calamity, perhaps the sudden death of her husband. There is no intimation of Xiang-yuns fate in The Golden Days. The main scene involving her is one of comic relief as Dai-yu teases her about her lisp and Xiang-yun responds good-humouredly. The impression created is of a happy-go-lucky, lively young girl, quite a contrast from the rather intense and moody Dai-yu.This is best illustrated in Xueqins description of them asleep Dai-yu was tightly cocooned in a quilt of apricot-coloured damask, t he picture of tranquil repose. Xiang-yun, by contrast, lay with her hank of park black hair tumbled untidily beside the pillow, a white arm with its two gold bracelets thown carelessly outside the bedding and two white shoulders exposed above the peach-pink coverlet, which barely reached her armpits. A tomboy, even in her sleep Bao-yu muttered The sixth woman included in the register is the only one of the twelve who is not a member of the Jia family. Adamantina nevertheless lives among them in Prospect Garden after Yuan-chun issues an edict stating that the garden is not to be closed up. She is a nun and this is reflected in the descriptions of her spiritualty and her grace and wit to match the gods that set her with the rest at odds. Nauseous to her the worlds rank diet. Her final destination however, is clearly one of disrepute. In both the quatrain and the song, she ends up in the mud, impure and shameful. The fact that down here, only wealthy rakes might bless their luck sugg ests that Adamantina will end her days as perhaps a prostitute. By the end of The Golden Days however, she is still a nun who looks down on common flesh and blood The one-seventh of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling is Ying-chun, the eldest of the three springs. She is Jia Shes daughter by a concubine.With the arrival of Dai-yu and Bao-chai, the three springs are relugated to a secondary position in Grandmother Jias affections. Ying-chun is thus a rather underdeveloped character in The Golden Days. The sixth entry in the register and the seventh poem both suggest that she will be married off to a violent, unfaithful and cruel bully. There is no hint of this fate in the first volume of the novel. The Golden Days gives away equally little about the subject of the next quatrain and song, Xi-chun. Sister of Cousin Zhen and the youngest of the three springs, seems destined to seek release from offsprings extravagance and to win chaste quietness and heavenly peace by becoming a Buddhist nun . Wang Xi-feng on the other hand, wife of Jia Lian and cousin to Bao-yu, plays a far more prominent role in The Golden Days. She is a very strong character, a feminist role-model. She has all the qualities of the ideal wife with her managerial prowess and deference to her elders, and yet she always manages to be on top. This combination of cunning and virtue can best be seen in the chapters relations with Qin-shis funeral. Having been relegated posthumously to the status of a Noble Dame, the funeral is a grand affair. The sheer cost and man-power involved is staggering and Xi-feng is put in charge of it all. Nevertheless, she manages it with the conclusiveness of a little general.On the night of the wake, her maturity and superior social skills are further demonstrated when it is left entirely to her to do the honours. Xi-fengs vivacious charm and social assurance stood out in striking contrastShe was in her element, and if she took any notice of her humbler sisters it was only to throw out an occassional order or to bend them in some other way to her imperious will. This can be juxtaposed with the episode in the next chapter when, after the funeral, Xi-feng, Bao-yu and Qin-zhong spend the night in the Water-moon Priory. The prioress Euergesia, catching Xi-feng alone, tells her the story of a benefactor of the priory called Zhang. He is desperate to call off his daughters engagement to the son of a captain in the Chang-an garrison. The captain however, is being thoroughly unreasonable and refusing to take back the betrothal-gifts. Euergesia beseeches Xi-feng to use her unfluence to get Jia Zheng to write a letter to ecumenic Yun asking him to have a word with the captain because It is hardly likely that he would refuse to obey his commading officer. Xi-feng coyly turns her down until Euergesia questions Xi-fengs ability. Xi-feng relents and agrees to take part for the the not so small sum of three thousand taels of silver.Xi-feng is clearly fiscally-minded and savvy, never one to let an opportunity for profit slip by. The hush-hush modality in which this matter of the captain is broached also suggests that it is rather shady business. Yet, any qualms Xi-feng feigns to have about getting involved seem to be easily forgotten. Xi-feng is indeed, as the ninth song states, too shrewd by half. She is too focused on self-advancement but with the fall of the Jia family later in The Story of the Stone, Xi-fengs plotting and manouevering will all come to nothing Like a great buildings tottering crash, Like flickering lampwick burned to ash Although the exact nature of Xi-fengs future is not specified, it is clear that it is not a bright one. She will, as the title of the ninth song says, be caught by her own cunning. Although we see none of her decline in The Golden Days, there are hints of a fall to come. When Qin-shi appears to her in a dream, she warns Xi-feng of the future fall of the Jai family as a whole. She quotes a proverb The higher the climb, the harder the fall. Could this be referring equally to Xi-feng as to the family? Is there a reason why Qin-shi appears before Xi-feng specifically? The 10th Beautiy of Jinling, interestingly enough, does not even appear in the first volume. Qiao-jie, daughter of Xi-feng, nevertheless has some sort of trouble ahead of her. It seems that no one will be spared pain and grief as the Jia family declines. The penultimate Beauty included on the Main Register is Li Wan, mother of Jia Lan. Li Wan was married to Jia Zhu, brother of Bao-yu.Jia Zhu died before the start of the novel as implied by the third line in the eleventh song, the pleasures of the bridal bed soon fled. The quatrain suggests that their son, Jia Lan, her Orchid, will be successful. The song goes further to describe the awesome sight of the head with cap and bands of office on, and gleaming bright upon his breast the gold insignia Jia Lan will later pass the civil service exam and become a high official. It is p erhaps slightly far-fetched but one of the few mentions of Jia Lan comes in chapter nine, set in the Jia clan school house. As for Li Wan, there is no hint that the black night of deaths dark barrier lay close at hand. It would seem that she tragically dies after her sons appointment. Finally, there is Qin-shi, the twelfth Beauty of Jinling. She is the young wife of Jia Rong but dies of a mysterious unidentified disease half way through The Golden Days. Of all the women, Qin-shi is the only one whose whole fate is played out in the course of the first volume. It does not, however, run according to plan. Both the quatrain and the song, The Good Things Have an End, explicitly express that she will hang herself. The most likely reason for her self-annihilation is the familys discovery of her incestuous affair with her father-in-law, cousin Zhen Say not our troubles all from Rongs side came For their beginning Ning must take the blame. Indeed, there are indications of such intrigue.A drunken servant lets slip, in a fit of rage, Father-in-law pokes in the ashes The reader is clearly meant to take note of this comment, as Bao-yu subsequently questions Xi-feng as to its meaning. Xi-feng is quick in quashing any ideas Bao-yu may have on the subject and terrified by her vehemence, Bao-yu implored her forgiveness. There is obviously something to hide. Cousin Zhens hysterical reaction after her death is also a sign that their relationship was not as it seemed. He is inconsolable, proclaiming Now that she has been taken from us its plain to see that this senior branch of the family is doomed to extinction The poem accordingly, states that her death, the ruin of a mighty house protended. Qin-shis suicide does not however, take place and she instead dies of natural causes. A reason for this discrepancy is put foward by Hawkes. While Xueqin did originally have Qin-shi hanging herself from painted beams, a notation by one of the commentators on the original manuscript stat es that her ordered Xueqin to remove the scene.Xueqin reluctantly did so but, unenthusiastic about the change, failed to make the necessary alterations to the rest of the text. Having examined the fates of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling as expressed in the Main Register of the Department of the Ill Fated Fair and in the fairy of Disenchantments song cycle, it becomes immediately obvious that tradgedy lies ahead. With the decline of the Jia family will come a decline in the fortunes of each of the women. It is also clear that by the end of the first volume of The Story of the Stone the story has, in fact, barely begun. The Jia household is still powerful and rich, the child heros are still young and and insouciant, these are still the golden days.

Mortiz Schlick: the Meaning of Life in Play Essay

I do not agree with Schlicks contention that the content of breeding is grounded in the act of dally and not work. I disagree for three main reasons. First, I find Schlicks account of forgetting the drive of activities to be somewhat flawed. He demonstrates how the purpose of an use does not yield pith and that work is a gist to a goal. I find a discrepancy in this in regards to his acceptance of Goethes rule. Schlick also holds that in point for us to understand how to lead a important life through imaginative-play, that we do it by emulating children or youth.I disagree with Schlicks supposed templet for meaningfulness cod to the feelings associated with creative-play and what it is to feel meaning in something. I argue that he is allurementing to emotions rather than the quality of meaning. Finally, I discuss Schlicks understanding of youth and what it means to judge to emulate it. I believe that he is too presumptuous and assumes that all youth is experienced in a si milar manner this is not the outcome each individual possesses a antithetic aspect of what youthful living is and was.Schlick holds that creative play whitethorn produce valuable goods in the same elbow room that unpleasurable activity or work washbasin. He thence goes on to say that the more activities become play, the more work would be accomplished and value would draw close from it. He finishes by saying that work is human action because we think of the outcomes or benefits, and not because we arrive at them. He uses examples such as the artist using the act of creation as a means of forgetting the rewards of the project he toils away at. I disagree with Schlick, or his understanding of forgetting the fruits be ared from the act of creative play.In this sense, Schlick is assuming that we cannot have a goal in mind in order to derive meaning from the moment. He stresses that purposeless activities are the come across to deriving meaning but what gives rise to the initiatio n of these activities? If there is no reason for the artist to pick up a paint brush then why bother do it? Schlick whitethorn argue that the artist finds meaning through painting because the entire process of creation is a joyful moment, crimson the tasks that are required to prepare to make art. I question what made the person become an artist then.There will be a harbinger to each individuals decision that will be a reason as to why they decided to pursue something. I believe that Schlicks idea that the artist may lose himself in the moment of creation and derive meaning from it holds true to his theory, but I argue that it was necessary for a goal or purpose to be understood prior to seeking it. The goal provides a means to deriving meaning out of the appreciation of the activity. Unfortunately, not all goals or purposes can necessarily be thought of as a moment in which one could be impatient about.I find it hard to believe that life threatening situations could be regarded as moments in which someone became enthusiastic or finds bliss to derive meaning. Certain goals, such as survival, provide stressors necessary for we as humans to complete a goal. It is in these moments of high stress that I would argue the meaningful moment be derived from the outcome or completion of the goal. Schlick may argue that life loses the power of creation when focused on distant goals but prior to that he mentions Goethes rule of working hard to play hard.It seems Schlick is willing to accept the possibility of individuals working towards goals so long as they never forget the value of joy and festivities. I believe this to be a flaw because he is considering work as a means to the meaning life, if the outcome of work is to be joyous and playful. This potentially contradicts his previous contention that the meaning of life is grounded in play. It does not specifically depict work as a meaning to life, but describes how it can be a necessary chemical element of it. The co mbination of work and play grounding a meaning in life seems to be the result of this flaw.Secondly, Schlick emphasizes that children are living the most profound, meaningful lives because they do not have a work focus on perspective of life. Complementary to his argument that lifes meaning lies in creative-play and not work, we can scan from the essence of what it is to be a child to appreciate creative-play as a child does. With this in mind, we find meaning by losing ourselves in the moment dapple completing activities, or rather change our attitude towards the activities we are doing so that we disregard the goal and appreciate the moment.Children are used as a template in order for older individuals who do not believe they are experiencing meaningful events to learn how to perform purposeless activities that yield meaning subjectively. Youth in this sense all the same is coined more properly as enthusiasm. Youth can be attained at any age because it represents a state in lif e referring to the purposeless enjoyment, learned from childrens play. I do not agree with Schicks argument in terms of youthful living accounting system for a meaning in life. I disagree with this notion because although the state of youthful living may bring about the acknowledgement of meaningfulness while captured in a moment, it is still very much a feeling of meaningfulness.This feeling is an emotion that we appeal to in order to enjoy, perplex or resentment us for example to experience the meaningful moment. We may find meaning in creative play by tickling our brains with complicated conundrums or releasing our anger during a workout at the gym, but this meaning is not understood subjectively unless we feel it is meaningful. To lose oneself in a moment of purposeless activity that provides a sense of meaningful existence is still relying on a subjective enjoyment of the situation, which is translated through our senses and perceived by however we view the activities ourselv es.In this sense, it seems that the ultimate goal of living youthfully is to appeal to the feelings which we find the most beneficial while performing activities that seem without purpose. These activities do have purpose in that they warrant desired feelings and results. To summarize this point, meaningful activities or purposeless activities derive meaning through subjectively losing oneself in the moment or becoming enthusiastic about the activity, which is transcribed into the emotions which one feels in order to understand that the moment or activity has meaning.Thus living youthfully is a cycle in which we attempt to experience feelings or emotions through activities that we subjectively feel are meaningful. Although the creative-play theory holds that intrinsically valuable activities are meaningful, I believe ground on these notions that living youthfully in Schlicks sense demonstrates how one can find enjoyment in life at all stages. It does this by ever-changing our parad igm of work being a task of frustration, and allows us to enjoy the menial aspects of life by appreciating everything about it.Thirdly, I find a different flaw in Schicks argument towards youthful living making for a meaningful life. Youth in Schlicks analogy is represented by a sort of enthusiasm for doing things where the aim of the activity is lost, and meaning is derived from being in the moment. This term youth is not universal all over the innovation. In many underdeveloped countries youthful living is complicated by class or caste distinction, race and sex. By appealing to a state which he claims is supposedly shared universally by children or youth world-wide, he is saying that they all are able to bring to fruition a meaningful activity.What about areas where child labour is a regular staple to the economy? Do individuals learn youthful behaviour from children or who have work centered lives without play? Are young girls who lack rights and are married off at an early age demonstrating the very same youthful behaviour that enables creative-play? Would experiences such as these not depict a sour view of childhood and youth? It seems to me that youthful behaviour could be drastically different, parallel to our own area. In this case, creative play is subjective to different regions of the world.No one person will share the direct aspects of youth that is described by Schlick, because there is no precise cookie-cutter depiction of youth to be embodied. He states that The more youth is realized in life,the more valuable it is, and if a person dies young, however long he may have lived, his life has ad meaning(71). This cannot be true if youth is not understood in the sense that Schlick assumes the world shares, because no youth would yield no value. Therefore, Schlicks contention that the meaning in life is grounded in play and not work requires revision based on my arguments.There can be reason for our goals if we proceed to enjoy and celebrate our suc cess from work. Although we benefit from creative-play during the moment we are still able to turn tail menial or mundane tasks so we may succeed and appreciate life itself and derive meaning from the moment. Schlick should also account for our emotions being a affirmable vector for the meaning of life in his understanding. We can appeal to feelings to make those meaningful moments seem as meaningful as they are. Its not necessarily what we do but what we feel when doing it that may make for a meaning in life at the given moment.In order for us to appeal to creative play through youth, we must first understand that youth is not a fixed term in the sense that Schlick implies. Experiences of youth are various in scope and do not yield the same type of play that Schlick believes is a model for learning creative play. Schlick must delimit this template to encompass a fundamental feature that we all share as individuals. That way an objective feature of people will provide means to su bjective meaningfulness in life in accordance with Schlicks model. References Klemke and Schlick. On the meaning of life. New York, NY Oxford University Press Inc. , 2008.

Family Rootedness and Racial Dynamics

Living in contemporary America is coupled with several(predicate) challenges. The fast-paced industry, the cultural diversity, the financial crises, and the indifference among neighbors all cause to build up some form of alienation in most people. The Virginia Tech murder and other cases of mad shooting illustrate the struggles of some people of different cultures to assimilate in the Ameri back society. In Barack Obamas Dreams from My Father, the author provides some insights on the importance of rootedness to ones family and culture in order to survive and attain success in Contemporary America.The experiences of the characters lead readers to derive that one undersurface easily undertake struggles in life upon acceptance of family and racial origins. The author attempts to delineate a number of issues, among which is the problem caused by dysfunctional families, a putting green scenario in the contemporary American society. Children like Obama manage to survive despite the a bsence of their parents, in some cases both parents are absent, in others like Obamas, the scram figure is vague.Until after his death, Obamas father remained a myth (8) to him. He left when Barack was barely two years old, to go back to Kenya, his homeland. The last beat he and his son saw each other was when Obama was ten. Due to this, Obama grew up quiet, with some coldness in the panache he deals with people, although he always bears wish for others. His acquaintance with an old man who lived in the same building he occupied near Harlem demonstrates this attitude. Never, the absence of Obamas father make him what he is ripe now.Although not clearly emphasized, the role of the grandfather in Obamas life, along with his grandmother Toot, compensated for the loss of his father. In a way, Obama lived in the comfort and carry on of his mothers family. Basically, the importance of family is demonstrated in the way his grandfather compensated the absence of his father. The family dynamics that he grew up with, was basically composed of lovable and caring grandparents who usually told him stories of the past in order for him to know his father well, and a mother who served as inspiration and guide through the social expediency she rendered.However, the importance of family is later more emphasized with the connectedness of his fathers familythe extended family apprisalships that exist among his relatives in Kenya. Obama witnessed this when he met and visited his cousins. Even though he did not know them as a child, he easily got along with them, owing to belongingness to one family. Aside from the importance of family connectedness, rootedness to ones race and culture is likewise emphasized. When his father died, Obama had a chance to establish connection with his origins.Prior to this, he felt he felt some void within him, and enmity towards his father. He wished to understand a lot of things, and saw it timely to go back to his roots. Unexpectedly, he found the answers in Kenya as he listened to stories about his fatherhis childhood, his struggles to ground himself, the reason why he went to America, and why he went back to Kenya. In the end, he found himself crying over the struggles his father fought, and for losing the man who remained in his shadow. determination the answers to his questions about origins made Obama whole.For a long time, he did not realize that his father shared the struggles he fought. Although they had different situations, he understood that what his father dolt was a lot heavier than his. Specifically, his fathers struggle to prove himself to the grandfather and to the rest of the world was double that of Obama when he was younger. For his father, going back to Kenya was the only way to regain himself though it was also a way to face his childhood fears. Despite the pains he tried to leave behind in relation to his past, the older Barack still went back to his people and chose to serve them.Such roote dness to race and culture taught the son the importance of knowing ones origins. Clearly, the efforts Obama made to snuff it to know his origins led him to what he is now. As he suggests, survival in contemporary American society is difficult. Racial discrimination, although it did not totally affect him, was rampant. Nevertheless, it made him long for his past. The presence of his mother was definitely not enough to fill in the father figure he missed, not to mention his mothers difficulty to raise him and his sister apart from Obamas grandparents.At the end, he still needed to know both his father and the race that brought his father up in order to be whole. Knowing ones past is further emphasized as Barack struggles to build his own family. Lacking the father figure, he himself found it difficult to be an ideal father and husband that he wanted to be. His struggles can be rooted from his own experience, mainly due to the dysfunctional family that he came from. Nevertheless, when he finally gained the opportunity to know his roots, he found the courage to continue and reunite with his family.Based on this, the author makes us realize the importance of rootedness to ones past and race relations. The familiarity of his aunt Nairobi as she calls her nephew Barry to inform him of his fathers death demonstrates the connectedness of the Kenyans, which other cultures can learn from. For them, distance and unfamiliarity are not barriers to achieving unity and love. Rather, racial dynamics are too strong, enough to conquer physical and cultural boundaries.

Assignment: Police Discretion

Assignment Police Discretion To me diplomacy is something that we of all time make use of like in how we choose things like a movie to watch food to eat we always have to be very discrete in what we choose to do. There are a crowd of people that would think that it would be better if discretion was taken away from the police. What most of the people do non realize is that discretion needs to be exercised. Discretion is not the problem the abuse of discretion by some people is.In this world there is always that bad area that has the normal termination to different situations that may not apply. Having that right to exercise to discretion a police officer may be able to find the best solution always. In the scenario there was a couple of time were the police officer had to use discretion the first one was when the comical fell to the ground she could of practiced left him there and not return to check up on him the next one was when the suspect started running away she could o f just left and let it be.The officer could of just stopped at the scramble and had called for backup but she did not she decided to continue. These are the type of discretions that I spotted in this scenario. In my opinion I think that discretion was not very well implemented because if it was going to be a long pursuit and the suspect was going to hurt her she could of easily called for backup immediately, even though she did not know it was going to be hard to catch this suspect the best thing to do was to call for help that way this situation would have been easier and less painful for her.I think that discretion should not be controlled. I think a lot of police officers by using good persuasion they might and they will let some things slide if they are able to. Not in either situation is good it has ups and its downs, police officers should be able to make a good judgment calls on the scene. Arresting someone is not always the best solution for a situation they need to snap how they could fix the situation with discretion.

This Way to the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen

It is that very hope that generates people go without a murmur to the fluff chambers, keeps them from risking revolt, paralyses them into desensitise inactivity hope that breaks family ties, makes mothers renounce their children, or wives sell their bodies for bread, or husbands to kill. (122) This Way to the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen by Tadeusz Borowski displays how excerption and decease have a close relationship. With an absence of cleanity Tedeusz becomes a key component to the executors effort. The inflict of values and an uncertain hope by the personal view of Tedeusz reflects on how the civilization as a whole is suffocated by Nazi control.It is essential to endure these issues in order to survive. The narrator Tedeusz slides into survival method with a unique role in the camp, he witnesses and describes the complexity of survival and hope in the camp. He arrives at Auschwitz as a political prisoner when the policy on extermination changes, three weeks preferably Arya ns stopped being sent to the gas chambers, with that he wedges himself in the middle of the hierarchy. With that, he does not decease as a prisoner and does not endure the daily tasks as bad as most. He becomes one of the experienced, well-adjusted, completely institutionalized inmates.For him everything is a matter of sheer practicality, and people who refuse to cooperate with the necessity politics of camp life deserve not pity but contempt. The Canada men carry the babies relieve oneself care chickens (116), showing their surrender to the system of rules of the Nazis. He is a victim collaborating in crime immunized against the plague that surrounds him able to find a fairly comfortable situation. His tone is one of moral indifference he views the murdered people and the ones dying of starvation from a distance, without compassion, with scorn even.In Auschwitz, Our Home, one of the short stories in the collection, the narrator exclaims, Never before in the hi report of manki nd has hope been stronger than man, but never in like manner has it done so much harm as it has in this war, in this concentration camp. We were never taught how to give up hope, and this is why today we perish in gas chambers. (122) He is confronted by a mankind w present the future is unknown. It plants an insightful thought of the working world. The writing portrays in such a brutally artless tone it forces us to confront the world and our understanding of human nature.In Auschwitz the odds are against survival what happens when we are confronted by a world where a future is not certain. We are asked to reaffirm our beliefs and the metrical unit for our beliefs. Does hope motivate us to action, or in essence of the text, does it paralyze our belief system and make us less likely to act for survival? Some characters that came off the trains showed yes some showed no. bingle character in particular bravely makes a decision right from the train. .. And over there is the gas cha mber communal death, disgusting and ugly.And over in the other direction is the concentration camp more than hideous, more terrible than death I know, she says with a shade of proud contempt She walks off resolutely in the direction of the trucks. This is a dignified act she is unafraid to stand up for her values. On the contrary, a cleaning woman is numbed by the choice she must make, She is young, healthy, good-looking, she wants to live. But the child runs after her, wailing loudly Mama, mom dont leave me (43), she sacrifices her morals for a hope of survival with a tragic essential act.The novel also exhibits how hope gets in the way for survival. Every aspect of civilization is devalued so that everyone is under the same system created by the Nazis. Incomers remind the prisoners of their lost values and show a glimpse of the outside world, they are then treated with resentment and disgust. The Nazis and the prisoners pure tone better than the incomers and quickly reject them and their system of values in forms of anger. The Canada men brutally tear suitcases from their hands, impatiently pull of their coats (118). As a woman reaches down quickly to pick up her handbag.A whip flies, the woman screams, stumbles, and falls (115) the narrator says, I dont know why, but I am furious, simply furious with these people-furious because I must be here because of them. I feel no pity. I am not sorry theyre going to the gas chamber. (116) the prisoners feel anger toward the incomers because the easiest way to relieve your hate is to turn against someone weaker. (116) Even the prisoners feel no munificence for the incomers because the outside and inside worlds of the camp do not mix only one world can buoy exist.Since a civilization is based on pure values, these values must be united as one. If the dead are wrong and the living are always right, everything is finally justified but the story of Borowskis life and that which he wrote about Auschwitz show th at the dead are right, and not the living. (26) To endure the derailed moral value in the camp, one must live in savagely, in each present significance and with faith to survive. By way of justification and structure Tedeusz and others learn that survival and death are in close association.

Religion, Poverty and Wealth

All Christians believe that the knowledge domain and everything in it view been created by paragon. They believe that the world is holy, special, divine, worthy of respect and honour. The earth is the Lords, and everything in it, the world, and every last(predicate) who live in it for he founded it upon the seas and established it upon the waters. Psalm 241-2 Because the earth is the Lords, Christians believe they are stewards or caretakers. They should be committed to the proper human beingsagement of the world and its resources.Since the earth has been delegated to people by paragon they have to manage it esponsibly and productively for the sake of both their own and subsequent generations. The following bible quotes tell us that everything belongs to God. God made the mountains, the sea, dry land and the skies. They also show that Gods creation reveals his abundantness For the Lord is the great God In his hand are the depths of the earth, and the mountain peaks belong to h im. The sea is his, for he made it, and his hand form the dry land Psalm 953-6 Christianity teaches us that God is the God of nature, as well as of religion.God made the physical universe, sustains it, and still pronounces it good. God is interested in, nd looks after his creation. God saw both that he had made, and it was very good. genesis 1 Christians believe that God made human beings to be wish himself. So God created man in his own image male and female he created them. God blessed them and said to them, be fruitful and increase in number, fill the earth and subdue it. prevail over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground. Genesis 127-28 Human beings are godlike beings made in Gods likeness and possessing capacities which distinguish them from the animal creation. Since God is interested in the arth, so should the Christian want to care for all that God has made. God tells man to look after the earth and Christi ans believe they have a responsible task in Gods intend for creation. God tells man they should care for the world and Christians believe that they should look atter it because ne nas given it to them. Theretore they should respect it and foster it.As well as caring for the earth, Jesus taught his followers to esteem God with all their heart, and to love their neighbours as themselves. In Matthew 1916-21 Jesus told a rich, young man that if he wanted eternal smell he should love his neighbour as imself, which included selling his processions and giving to the poor. Love of God cannot be separated from love for humanity. Christians try to live their lives by this rule. Christians believe they should take what they say and sing in church, in to their everyday lives, so that it affects all of their life, at home, work, school etc. Religion that God our generate accepts as pure and faultless is this to look after orphans and widows in their distress. James 127 Christians should rightfully love their neighbours and should be concerned for their total welfare the well being of their soul, their body, and their community. Christians look to Jesus for an mannikin for their lives. Jesus humbled himself and became weak and vulnerable to serve people. He healed the sick, feed the hungry and was a friend to the drop fall outs. He said he did not come to be served but to serve.Therefore if the Christian models his or her life on Jesus, it will involve entering into other peoples worlds. Jesus was moved with compassion by the sight of needy human beings and Christians follow this example. Faith and love go together for Christians Faith by itself if it is not accompanied by action is deadl will show you my faith by what I do. James 217-18 This implies that the Christian should show their faith by loving and serving others. If anyone has satisfying possessions and seize his brother in need but has no pity on him, how can the love of God be in him. 1 John 317 These verses give an example of how Christians should model down their lives for others to help those in need. When Jesus was asked to define what he meant by neighbour, he told the well cognise parable of the good Samaritan which is found in Luke chapter 10. Jesus paints the scene of a man lying mugged by the side of a road. Two kind of religious leaders, a priest and a Levite pass him without stopping. The audience expect a third person to come by and help the victim who will be an ordinary layman, a fellow Jew. But Jesus surprises them. The third man is a Samaritan, an enemy.Jesus shows that loving your neighbour means acting when you meet a person in need, even it it is an enemy or an retire to you. Jesus tells the people not to sit about debating who counts as your neighbour but to go out and be a good neighbour as the need arises. Christians believe that their neighbour is not scarce the person who looks like them, but people of all races throughout the world who are all funk together in the human family. Jesus bases this love for enemies on the example of God. As the creator God, complex with every detail of the universe, he does not discriminate between deserving and undeserving human beings.

Electronic Medical Records Essay

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) are becoming much widely used across the healthcare spectrum. One of the reasons for their popularity is the potential that is presented for increasing the persona of care delivered to diligents by decreasing handwriting comment errors, trim medication administration errors and eliminating lost charts. Time focussing is a crucial skill to kick in as a make. It allows for a smooth workflow which translates into quality uncomplaining care. Much season butt joint be wasted not only by the nurse supporting off illegible written sanctifys, but also by the other nurses that contain to military service interpret the handwriting.The EMR requires the physician to enter orders electronically, thereby eliminating handwritten orders. Electronic orders are more precise and more accurately followed (Sokol, 2006). Fewer errors make it to the tolerant, reducing unnecessary tests and increasing the quality of care that affected roles are receiv ing. Electronic medication administration records (MAR) are reclaimable in displaying medications due at specific eras. not only is it possible to sort the medications due at one turn, the MAR testament also alert the nurse to potential dose interactions. Late medications go out be displayed in red to be easily seen.If bar coding is implemented, medication errors can be reduced by a range of 60%-97% (Hunter, 2011). A lost chart can be very frustrating while trying to deliver seamless care to a patient. Paper charts are easily misplaced. Since there is only one, if a single pop the questionr is using it, no one else of the medical exam team can view the chart. The EMR can be viewed from any computer with secure internet feeler or on a handheld device. When the internet is down, a downtime view only rise to power is available. nursing Involvement Nurses are known as patient advocates.In advocating for their patients, nurses strive for what is best in their patients care. S ince nurses will be using the EMR most frequently, it is imperative that they are part of the selection and carrying into action on an EMR. A nurse, on the EMR team, will represent all nursing. Nurses will be accessing the EMR with their put forward several times and will become familiar with the layout and workflow and will be able to provide insight into what would work best to ensure quality of care. There is a saying that you dont know what you dont know. A nurse knows what she will regard and is the best to supply this information. era researching which EMR would be the best for a facility, a nurse can provide information on time saving workflows between formations. Nurses must(prenominal)iness also be trained as super users to provide a seamless change from radical charting to electronic charting and provide support to fellow nursing rung. A nurse on the EMR team will be able to deliver new information in a way that other nurses are more receptive to. Handheld Devices If nurses were to use handheld devices in pitching of patient care, there would be a noticeable savings of time as well as more accurate charting.Nursing personnel carrying a handheld device would have warm access to their patients chart to notice new orders, lab results, or medication admission records. The need to review the composition chart repeatedly by dint ofout the day would be eliminated along with the long search that commences every time you have to look for the paper chart. This could add several minutes to a nurses time at the bedside, improving patient satisfaction. When vital signs are taken, written on a slip of paper and then transcribed into the paper chart, there are many opportunities for error and delay.Numbers can be transposed, written incorrectly or the wrong patients information could go into a chart. With the immediate availability of a handheld device, the information from the vital signs monitor would have the ability to interface into the patients ch art virtually eliminating late charting and errors. Security Standards The wellness Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was initiated in 1996 as a standard for protecting individually identifiable health information (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services).HIPAA requires that all information, either written or electronically, that falls under the criteria is protected from unauthorized viewers. An EMR carries more stringent HIPAA guidelines than a paper chart due to the risks associated with computer based files and there are a few key steps that must be taken to ensure compliance with this act. Access arrest each user will have a unique user name and password that must not be shared. Firewall protection must be used on the internet server the infirmary utilizes to prevent hackers from obtaining access to protected information.If users are authorized to access patient information from home, there must be a secure server used (Arevalo, 2007). Storage Data mus t be encrypted to recruit the security while information is universe stored and while it is transferred. Encryption entails protection of files and data that is only visible to authorized users. Compliance of these regulations should be audited on a regular basis with any violation being swiftly remedied (Medical Records, 2013). Healthcare Costs Purchasing an EMR can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.In order to justify much(prenominal) a large purchase, one must examine the potential ways that currency can be saved while using an EMR. after(prenominal) spending hours learning users and with a little practice, nurses workflows will improve and less time will be wasted. A chart will not have to be searched for, double or triple charting is eliminated by using handheld devices for immediate charting. The quality assurance team will be able to run reports on compliance of core measures and be able to recommend changes to nursing personnel to implement. Fewer medication error s will be made by using the electronic MAR.Most importantly, these time and money saving factors will enhance patient safety. With less paper charts to store, valuable space can be remodeled into patient care areas that offer services not previously offered due to space issues (Power, 2013). This will increase revenue for the facility. Comparison big offers a computerized management system that is utilized by everyone in the healthcare setting including, nurses, nurse aids, physicians, dietary, radiology, emergency department and the commercial enterprise office. Each department will have a unique look and functionality to their program.There is no need to use multiple systems to gather information on a patient. It can be used in medium size ambulatory settings such as a clinic as well as in a hospital setting for either inpatients or outpatients. With all departments having access to the same information on a patient, errors will be reduced in delivery of patient care. The chanc e for entering infatuated lab results or miss- documentation will also be reduced with department specific workflows. Not only will this result in better patient care, but also in a nurses ability to delivery effective, efficient, quality care without delay.In addition, all physician order entry is electronic, every time. Order sets can be customized for each prescriber, saving time and hassle while maintaining meaningful use and following core measures. For added security, the system can be set to automatically sign a user out after a specified length of time of non-use. And while all of the patients information is available to each user, audit trails are left enhancing patient security. Epic has pre-loaded patient teaching materials available as well as the option to custom make information.After visit summaries are easily printed upon discharge and an electronic copy is permanently attached to the chart. Patient would advance from a facility the uses the Epic system by having a ccess to MyChart. MyChart is a portal of access between a patient and their provider for communication as well as a portable computerized health record. IF a patient were to access care from a facility that does not utilize the Epic system, that patient would have access to MyChart and would then be able to provide critical information that would enhance their care. another(prenominal) computerized management system available is one from Cerner.This system can be used in all settings in a hospital including nursing. For medication administration, Cerner has available barcode identification of medication to help nursing staff complete their five rights verification prior to administration. It also allows charting at the bedside to enhance accuracy either through a handheld device or a stationary computer. All order entry by physicians is done on the computer allowing the providers to follow built in prompts for allergy information and adverse drug interactions as well as prompts that will aid in the order of care protocols to enhance patient care.Cerner also has a portal designed for patient to have access to their records no matter where they are as well as tracking information for health goals a patient and their provider have established. The portal allows progress tracking and provides information on steps that can be used to help the patient reach their goals. This gives patients more responsibility for their health while providing the incentive needed. Nursing care will be escalated similarly to the way it would be in Epic.Patient information is easily accessible through intuitive workflows allowing nursing staff to make responsible decisions regarding patient care. My recommendation for a computerized management system would be the one available from Cerner. It is the most user friendly for staff including nursing and offers intensive training and yearly upgrades. The different departments systems appear to work together seamlessly resulting in increased savings of time and money (Cerner, 2013).

Opportunistic Smoking Cessation Intervention Health And Social Care Essay

This essay provides a brooding history of the bringing of an timeserving pasturage cessation intercession. In building this history, Gibbs ( 1988 ) theoretical flyer of contemplation has been utilised, which incorporates the undermenti geniusd constituents description feelings rating analysis decision and action program.Whilst shadowing a archetype nurse, I was provided with the chance to implement a brief passel cessation intercession with a patient. The patients hear willing non be used, in regard of confidentiality ( NMC Code, 2008 NHS Confidentiality Code of Practice, DH 2003 ) , nevertheless, for the intent of this contemplation she will be referred to by the anonym Sarah. Sarah is a 65-year old female presenting with a figure of health issues. She is an fleshy tobacco plant drug user who has late been diagnosed with chronic clogging pneumonic disease ( COPD ) , a lung disease characterised by the narrowing of the piece of cake passages. COPD besides refers to ch ronic bronchitis and emphysema, the latter of which Sarah has been diagnosed with. It is emphysema that is Sarah s primary wellness job at nowadays.The wellness packaging scheme adopted was a brief intercession consisting motivational interviewing ( Rollnick, Miller and Butler, 2007 ) , which took topographic microscope stage inwardly the pattern surgery as portion of Sarah s auditory modality. Motivational Interviewing is a directing patient-centered modal value of reding designed to assist people decide ambivalency about demeanour rewrite, such as attain surcease.Alongside motivational interviewing, some specific props and learning AIDSs were utilized, including the proviso of evidence-based information, the creative activity of a COPD self-management program ( British Lung Foundation, 2010 ) , and inside informations of helpful resources Sarah could use for farther support. This accommodated the Surrey NHS Stop Smoking serving ( www.surrey weaken.net ) , which offers f ree NHS support tailored to the person ( i.e. hebdomadal clinic visits or teleph wholeness contact ) .FeelingssI was ab initio alternatively dying about this wellness advancement chance, as I was non confident in my ability to emerge constructive support in the limited clip we had. However, on originating a conversation with Sarah, utilizing unfastened inquiries as recommended within motivational interviewing, the anxiousness disappeared as I listened to Sarah s narrative. Active hearing requires concentration, which in deflection focused me on how I might be able to assist Sarah. In set uping that Sarah was refer for her grandchildren, who stayed with her furloughe often and were therefore around 2nd manus fume, this provided an ground tackle to ease the discipline of Sarah s motive to alter. In bend, this ground tackle besides provided me with a patient-centred method for alleviating my frights, since I had anchor a manner of prosecuting Sarah in the procedure.Interesting ly, as Sarah s motive grew, so did my ain motive to tell that Sarah gained every snap much from this brief intercession as possible. With every inquiry that I could suffice, I gained in assertion and enjoyed my function as educator and learner within the collaborative partnership amid myself and Sarah. In this sense, the collaborative attack that underlies motivational interviewing and much of health care pattern today flock profit both the patient and health care supplier.My all overall feelings gurgle the interaction with Sarah are one of fulfillment. I feel I positively contributed to this patients appendd decide to halt smoke for both herself and her household.EvaluationMotivational interviewing was selected as the most appropriate wellness publicity intercession for Sarah for a figure of grounds. First, grounds sing behaviors alteration and, in peculiar, smoking surcease, shows that degree of motive is an of import factor in inventing the best wellness publicity m ethod or instruction program for a patient ( Prochaska, DiClemente, and Norcross, 1993 ) . This attack takes into setting humanist larning theory and the rules of autonomous acquisition.Harmonizing to Prochaska et Al. s ( 1983 ) five phases of behavior alteration, Sarah presently resides in phase 2 of the under take noteed phases arrange 1 ( pre-contemplation ) is when the person does non mean to alter behavior Stage 2 ( contemplation ) is when an person is sing alteration Stage 3 ( readying ) is serious resolving to ship on smoking surcease Stage 4 ( action phase ) is the first few important hebdomads and months where an person is actively fetching positive actions towards smoking surcease and Stage 5 ( care ) is about 6-months to 5-years after the induction of the smoke surcease determination, where behavior alteration has been sustained.Bing in the contemplation phase suggests that Sarah still has some unsolved ambivalency about alteration and therefore demands help trav eling to present 3, where she can get down to restrain for smoking surcease. If I had started to assist Sarah program for smoking surcease before she was ready, this could hold been damaging in both the short- and long-run. For illustration, it has been shown that get the bust ofing the hurdlings associated with smoking surcease can increase an person s self-efficacy ( i.e. assurance ) in their ability to win at their quit effort, which in bend Acts of the Apostless to cut down the likelihood of a defendsliding and increase the likeliness of long-run sustained smoke surcease ( Schnoll et al. , 2010 ) . If Sarah was pushed towards a quit effort before prepared, her hazard of backsliding would hold been high this would hold finally reduced her assurance to seek once much.The passage from the contemplation phase to the readying phase has been cited as being critically of import to the result of quit efforts ( Prochaska, DiClemente, and Norcross, 1993 ) , as has the fact that healt hcare professionals can be highly authoritative at this phase Long et al. , 1996 ) . I considered motivational interviewing to be cardinal to act uponing Sarah s determinations sing smoke surcease since it was designed specifically to assist people decide ambivalency about behavior alteration, which is the chief feature of people in the contemplation phase of motive. Motivational interviewing can accomplish the resoluteness of ambivalency by avoiding confrontation and steering people towards taking to alter their deportment themselves.I was alert that motivational interviewing would necessitate to be accompanied by elaborate instruction about smoke-related wellness issues and the seeming class of COPD, together with possible complications and its association with increased morbidity and mortality. Sarah is an intelligent person and lament to drive home such information and reading stuff. Unfortunately, nevertheless, I was unable to resolution all of her inquiries. In peculiar, I could non reply her inquiries sing the pathophysiology of smoke. Unanswered inquiries can move as a barrier to get into on, something which I do non wish to bring forth in a patient who requires such barriers taking. Fortunately, I was able to reply Sarah s inquiries whilst mentioning to an educational information cusp. I do, nevertheless, feel that I would hold been able to prosecute with Sarah more efficaciously if it had non been necessary for me to concentrate my attending on the cusp before me.It became evident throughout the auditory modality that although Sarah was most surely sing discontinuing smoke, she possessed some traits that might impede her attempts. In peculiar, Sarah appeared to hold an outside(a) wellness venue of control. This means that she attributes control over her behavior to external factors as opposed to national factors. It is good documented within the literature that an internal venue of control is more productive to behaviour alteration and heal thier lifestyle picks ( Wallston and Wallston, 1978 Tones et al. , 1992 ) . Taking this into consideration, I was aware to admit Sarah s control over her picks. In one case, I used her hubby as an illustration since Sarah had informed me that her hubby had quit smoke. I asked her how he managed to accomplish this and in recognizing her hubby s function in his ain smoke surcease, Sarah appeared to be seting her venue of control towards a more internal one.However, Sarah s self-efficacy remained low throughout the audience despite efforts to hike her assurance. It is believed that increased self-efficacy, which can be achieved via motivational interviewing, is an of import factor involved in the success of smoking surcease ( Brown et al. , 2003 Karatay et al. , 2010 ) , therefore I felt this was an of import facet to include in Sarah s self-management attention program to put herself an accomplishable end each hebdomad that would bit by bit construct her assurance.AnalysisThe Depa rtment of Health have been working with the NHS, patients, and health care professionals since 2005 to wear a scheme to better the attention and results of people with COPD ( DH, 2010 ) . This scheme places a big focal heading on the bar and intervention of smoke, every bit good as the importance of supplying patients who have COPD with behavioral support and entree to halt smoke services.The Department of Health ( 2009 ) have produced counsel on reasoned halt smoke services, offering three degrees of behavioral intercession brief intercessions ( level one ) intensive one-to-one support and advice ( flat two ) and group intercessions ( flat three ) . In footings of degree one, brief intercessions, the National Institute of Clinical Excellent ( NICE ) have published guidelines and recommendations for smoking surcease ( NICE, 2004 ) . Furthermore, old UK counsel has emphasised the importance of offering timeserving, brief advice to promote all tobacco users to split and to signp ost them to resources and interventions that might assist them ( West, 2005 ) .They Department of Health counsel provinces that all tobacco users should be apprised to discontinue and asked if they are interested in discontinuing this is unless there are exceeding fortunes such as early(a) medical conditions that might impede smoking surcease. Those who are interested in discontinuing should so be offered a referral to an intensive, flat two, support service such as NHS Stop Smoking Services. Sarah was referred to the Surrey service and informed of the success rates found for NHS Stop Smoking Services. There is grounds that such services are effectual in the short-run ( 4-weeks ) and the long-run ( 52-weeks ) so, between 13-23 % of successful short-run quitters remain abstentious at 52-weeks ( NICE, 2007 ) . near 900,000 people in England and Wales have been diagnosed with COPD ( NICE, 2004 ) and it is the 5th most special K cause of decease in the UK, prove in over 30,000 dec eases yearly ( National Statistics, 2006 ) . By 2020, it is estimated that COPD will be the 3rd most common cause of mortality worldwide ( Lopez et al. , 2006 ) . Smoke is the largest hazard factor for developing COPD, with 20 % of long-run tobacco users finally developing clinically important degrees of the disease and 80 % developing lung harm ( Garcia-Aymerich et al. , 2003 ) . These statistics highlight the spurring of hold oning timeserving wellness publicity and utilising brief intercession accomplishments to assist present the DH scheme and better the attention and outcomes provided to people with COPD.Delivering brief timeserving intercessions for smoking surcease requires an attack that does non make defensiveness but develops a patient/provider partnership conductive of the patient doing their ain determinations, with support, as to their life style. Motivational interviewing and consideration of single patient features and traits ( i.e. venue of control, phase of prepare dness to alter, etc. ) provides a method of accomplishing this partnership within limited clip and resources, as is frequently the instance in busy health care environments. study the accomplishments within motivational interviewing will add to a healthcare professional s repertory of techniques for back uping patients through behaviour alteration, as I found in the instance reflected upon within this essay.Action PlanThe UKCC Code of professional Conduct ( 1992 ) proposes that nurses should keep and better her professional cognition and skill. In relation to my ain cognition and competency in timeserving wellness publicity, I have recognised that I need to increase my accomplishments for gentility patient self-efficacy. Patient assurance is cardinal to successful behavior alteration and although I feel at rest with my attack to Sarah, it would hold been utile to hold possessed a larger repertory of techniques for heightening self-efficacy.I could besides profit from a greate r apprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which smoking causes COPD. Sarah was peculiarly interested in the physiological effects of smoke and whilst I could offer her basic information verbally, I needed to mention to information cusps for more elaborate penetration, which disrupted the flow of conversation.I have started to research these issues via a course of the literature on behavior alteration and wellness publicity. As portion of this hunt, I have come across the construct of implementation purpose ( Gollwitzer, 1999 ) . The theory behind this construct is that in order for person to implement a coveted behavior, it is necessary for them to invent a specific program that will increase their purpose to prosecute that behavior ( Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006 ) . This is an interesting technique that could be integrated into motivational interviewing and wellness publicity via the self-management attention programs presently provided. I intend to research this fa rther and to discourse it with a superior.Using Gibb s brooding theoretical account to construction this history has helped me to recognize my strongest accomplishments and those that require farther development. I will endeavor to take a proactive attack to using this greater penetration into my professional abilities.